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Intercosmos
Intercosmos was a space exploration program of the Soviet Union designed to include members of military forces of allied Warsaw Pact countries in manned and unmanned missions. The participation of countries which were not Soviet allies, such as India, Syria and France was a reflection of non-aligned politics during the Cold War.
Begun in April 1967 with unmanned research satellite missions, the first manned mission occurred in February 1978. Intercosmos missions enabled 14 non-Soviet cosmonauts to participate in Soyuz space flights between 1978 and 1988. The program was responsible for sending into space the first citizen of a country other than the USA or USSR; Vladimir Remek of Czechoslovakia. Intercosmos also resulted in the first black and hispanic person in space, Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez of Cuba, and the first Asian person in space, Phm Tuan of Vietnam. Of the countries involved, only Bulgaria sent two cosmonauts in space.
Soyuz 39
Soyuz 39 was a Soviet space flight.
Commander Vladimir Dzhanibekov
Second spaceflight
Soviet Union Soviet Union
Research Cosmonaut Jugderdemidiin Gurragchaa
First spaceflight
Mongolia Mongolia
Backup crew
Position Crew
Commander Vladimir Lyakhov
Soviet Union Soviet Union
Research Cosmonaut Maidarzhavyn Ganzorig
* Mass: 6800 kg
* Perigee: 197.5 km
* Apogee: 282.8 km
* Inclination: 51.6°
* Period: 89.01 minutes
15th expedition to Salyut 6. 8th international crew. Carried intercosmos cosmonaut from Mongolia. Intercosmos mission to Salyut 6. The Soyuz 39 crew visited Vladimir Kovalyonok and Viktor Savinykh, who were delivered by the Soyuz-T4 spacecraft.
Soyuz 39 docked with the first Mongolian cosmonaut aboard. The Fotons assisted the Intercosmos crew with station equipment and oriented the station according to the needs of the Visiting Expedition’s experiments. On March 24 the cosmonauts installed cosmic ray detectors in the work and transfer compartments. On March 26 the cosmonauts performed the Illyuminator (“viewing port”) experiment, which studied the degradation of the station’s viewports. On March 27 Kovalyonok and Savinykh used the Gologramma (“hologram”) apparatus to image a viewing port damaged by micrometeoroids. They repeated this March 28, when they also collected samples of the station’s air and microflora and removed the cosmic ray detectors for return to Earth. March 28-29 were largely devoted to studies of Mongolia from space. The Visiting Expedition crew checked out their spacecraft on March 29. The Soviet news service TASS noted that by March 29 Salyut 6 had conducted 20,140 revolutions of Earth.
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